Clause

-Clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.
-A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which does not contain a subject and a verb.
Example : in the afternoon, drinking from the bowl, etc.
-An independent clause can express a complete thought ( and can be a stand alone sentence ).
-A dependent clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence, and it cannot stand by itself as a meaningful proposition ( idea ).

-Noun Clause is a clause that functions as a noun. However, for many, that definition is too generic. A multi word noun will often contain another type of clause, usually an adjective clause, which procides the verb required for a clause.

-Adjective Clause
 When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before a noun to mdify its meanings. However, an adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause.
Example : tall building, smelly cat, argumentative assistant, etc.

-An adjective clause usually comes after the noun it modifies and is made up of several words which, like all clauses, will include a subject and a verb.

-An adverbial Clauses is a group of words which plays the role of an adverb.
 ( like all clauses, an adverbial clause will contain a subject and a verb.

Repot Text Using Past Participle

Eagle

    The eagle is one of the animals found in a whole area of Indonesia. It also includes as animal protected. It is warm blooded animal. They have wings and body which are covered with midrib fur. For birds, eagles breed by laying eggs on the nest they have made. The mother keeps until the little eagles are able to fly. Eagles are predator. The main food is small mammals such a mice, squirrels, lizard, fish, and chicken, as well as the types of insects but depends on the body size. There is partial eagle catching a fish as their main meal. Usually eagles live on the waters area. Eagle's beak is curved and toothless but it's strong enough to rip the flesh. This bird also has a pair of strong legs and sharp and curved nails for gripping the prey. Furthermore, thier sharp eyesight is useful to hunt from a long distance.

Descritive Text Using Present Participle

My Simple Bike

    I have a simple bicycle in my life. I called my bike as the helping bike. It is like a friend for me, because many things that I have done with my bike. I often use it to go to my campus, my office, and do some recreations. It is a fixie bike. I got this bike from collecting my own money. It is a blue bike. Except me that use it, sometimes my sisters also use it. It becomes a adding transportation in my family. It is really a useful bike.

 Participle adalah suatu kata yang dibentuk dari penggabungan base form dari verb (bare infinitive) dengan suffix (akhiran) -ing ( verb + ing ) pada present participle atau dengan suffix -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada past participle pada regular verb dan bentuk yang tidak konsisten pada irregular verb.

Present dan past participle merupakan dua dari lima bentuk yang dimiliki olehverb (regular dan irregular). Verb form yang lain yaitu: base form, simple present, dan simple past.
Contoh Verb Form:

Base Form	Present Tense	Past Tense	Present Participle	Past Participle
swim	swim(s)	swam	swimming	swum
learn	learn(s)	learned	learning	learned

Pada dasarnya participle digunakan sebagai verb dan verbal. Sebagai verb,present participle digunakan bersama auxiliary verb untuk membentuk progressive/continuous dan perfect continuous tense. Sedangkan pada past participle, digunakan bersama auxiliary untuk membentuk perfect (continuous) tense dan passive voice. Beberapa contoh dan keterangannya adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh Participle sebagai Verb:

Verb	Contoh Kalimat Participle	Keterangan
Continuous Tense	He is working. (Dia sedang bekerja.)	is= auxiliary; working= present participle
Perfect Continuous	He has been working. (Dia telah sedang bekerja.)	has= auxiliary; been= past participle dari verb be; working= present participle
Perfect Tense	He has worked. (Dia telah bekerja.)	has= auxiliary; worked= past participle
Passive Perfect	He has been worked. (Dia telah dipekerjakan.)	has= auxiliary; been, worked= past participle
Passive Continuous	The report is being typed. (Laporan tsb sedang diketik.)	is= auxiliary; being= present participle dari verb be; typed= past participle

Sebagai verbal, participle berfungsi sebagai adjective, sebutannya: participial adjective. Verbal adalah kata yang dibentuk dari verb yang berfungsi sebagaipart of speech lain. Kata ini berasal dari kata kerja yang berupa action (aksi) atau state of being (keadaan). Sebagai kata sifat, verbal ini berfungsi memodifikasi/menjelaskan noun, dimana posisinya selalu berada didekat kata benda tersebut, baik di depan maupun di belakang. Verbal ini digunakan pada noun phrase dan reduced adjective clause.
Contoh Participle sebagai Verbal:

Macam	Penggunaan	Contoh Kalimat Participle
Present Participle	Noun Phrase	the disturbing picture (gambar yang mengganggu)
	Reduced Adjective Clause (Active Voice)	The student reading under the tree is my classmate. (Siswa yang membaca di bawah pohon adalah teman sekelasku.)
Past Participle	Noun Phrase	the broken glasses (kacamata yang pecah)
	Reduced Adjective Clause (Passive Voice)	The girl advised is my cousin. (Anak perempuan yang dinasehati tsb adalah sepupuku.)