Compound, complex, compound complex, argumentation paragraph, persuasive essay, and parallelism

A. Compound Sentence

Compound sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, 

semicolon or conjunction. There are 7 coordinating conjunctions: and, but, so, or, for, nor, yet.

Example :

-You may underestimate me, but you'll never defeat me.

-That flower is too beautiful, and that flower is too small. (it has two independent clauses, separated by a

comma and the coordinating conjunction, and.)

B. Complex sentence

Complex sentence is a sentence that has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. An

independent clause (unlike a dependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses begin with

a subordinating conjunction, e.g.:  who, when, while, that, because, since, although.

Example :

-My brain never stops thinking until you give me a reason.

-Although I am bored, I want to spend my time with you. (Blue color is subordinate clause, black color is

main clause).

C. Compound-complex sentence

Compound-complex sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and at least one

dependent clause

Example :

-This is my world, if you are not interested… never mind I understand

-Because I am an artist, some people expect me to perform perfectly, and other people expect me to  walk

gracefully

D. Parallelism

Parallelism is similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. The use of

components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or

meter also called parallelism.

Example :

-My uncle likes to climbing and swimming.

-Every woman wants their husband  not only smart but also friendly.

Writing Practice :

Compound sentence (interpreting ideas)

All of women want to have an ideal body. Not only perfect, but also healthy. To have an ideal body, so we

have to try some way to get it. The first is to eat a lot of fruits and vegetables. Don’t too much to eat

chocolate . Chocolate is good for relieving stress, but chocolate can make our body fat. The second is sport.

Jogging every morning and afternoon I think that is enough. And the last is drink a lot of  water. The water  is

a good for health  and the water is safe for our body.

Complex sentence (persuasive essay)

All of parent  can use a cell phone to ask their children about their occupation, or health. At the same time,

most parents can remember the days when cell phones simply did not exist, and children were factually left

on their own for at least half of the day. I stand for not prohibiting cell phones from students’ possession

entirely, since they allow parents to monitor their children’s safety.

The first reason why cell phones should be prohibited from use at schools is that they pose a significant

disruption in the educational process (School Security). Another reason for prohibiting cell phones in classes

is an increased temptation for students to communicate with friends instead of focusing on study material.

Once again, the level of technology allows clever smart phone owners to regularly check their social network

profiles and browse Internet content.

Though cell phones are necessary for high school students in terms of their safety, they should still be

prohibited from use during classes. This concept is founded on several reasons, such as disrupting the

educational process and facilitating students’ cheating distracting students by the possibility to access the

Internet, social media, and so on.

Compound-complex sentence(argumentation paragraphs)

There are several reasons I like to drink coffee in the cafe. First, drink coffee in the cafe made me forget for

a moment my problems. Because drinking coffee, make my Mind calm, and it can make my mind refreshed.

Not only enjoy coffee, I could also do the coursework in the cafe. Because I often drink coffee at my

favorite cafe, I often get a discount and all the waiters are friendly to me.

Clause

-Clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb.
-A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which does not contain a subject and a verb.
Example : in the afternoon, drinking from the bowl, etc.
-An independent clause can express a complete thought ( and can be a stand alone sentence ).
-A dependent clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence, and it cannot stand by itself as a meaningful proposition ( idea ).

-Noun Clause is a clause that functions as a noun. However, for many, that definition is too generic. A multi word noun will often contain another type of clause, usually an adjective clause, which procides the verb required for a clause.

-Adjective Clause
 When we think of an adjective, we usually think about a single word used before a noun to mdify its meanings. However, an adjective can also come in the form of an adjective clause.
Example : tall building, smelly cat, argumentative assistant, etc.

-An adjective clause usually comes after the noun it modifies and is made up of several words which, like all clauses, will include a subject and a verb.

-An adverbial Clauses is a group of words which plays the role of an adverb.
 ( like all clauses, an adverbial clause will contain a subject and a verb.

Repot Text Using Past Participle

Eagle

    The eagle is one of the animals found in a whole area of Indonesia. It also includes as animal protected. It is warm blooded animal. They have wings and body which are covered with midrib fur. For birds, eagles breed by laying eggs on the nest they have made. The mother keeps until the little eagles are able to fly. Eagles are predator. The main food is small mammals such a mice, squirrels, lizard, fish, and chicken, as well as the types of insects but depends on the body size. There is partial eagle catching a fish as their main meal. Usually eagles live on the waters area. Eagle's beak is curved and toothless but it's strong enough to rip the flesh. This bird also has a pair of strong legs and sharp and curved nails for gripping the prey. Furthermore, thier sharp eyesight is useful to hunt from a long distance.

Descritive Text Using Present Participle

My Simple Bike

    I have a simple bicycle in my life. I called my bike as the helping bike. It is like a friend for me, because many things that I have done with my bike. I often use it to go to my campus, my office, and do some recreations. It is a fixie bike. I got this bike from collecting my own money. It is a blue bike. Except me that use it, sometimes my sisters also use it. It becomes a adding transportation in my family. It is really a useful bike.

 Participle adalah suatu kata yang dibentuk dari penggabungan base form dari verb (bare infinitive) dengan suffix (akhiran) -ing ( verb + ing ) pada present participle atau dengan suffix -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada past participle pada regular verb dan bentuk yang tidak konsisten pada irregular verb.

Present dan past participle merupakan dua dari lima bentuk yang dimiliki olehverb (regular dan irregular). Verb form yang lain yaitu: base form, simple present, dan simple past.
Contoh Verb Form:

Base Form	Present Tense	Past Tense	Present Participle	Past Participle
swim	swim(s)	swam	swimming	swum
learn	learn(s)	learned	learning	learned

Pada dasarnya participle digunakan sebagai verb dan verbal. Sebagai verb,present participle digunakan bersama auxiliary verb untuk membentuk progressive/continuous dan perfect continuous tense. Sedangkan pada past participle, digunakan bersama auxiliary untuk membentuk perfect (continuous) tense dan passive voice. Beberapa contoh dan keterangannya adalah sebagai berikut.
Contoh Participle sebagai Verb:

Verb	Contoh Kalimat Participle	Keterangan
Continuous Tense	He is working. (Dia sedang bekerja.)	is= auxiliary; working= present participle
Perfect Continuous	He has been working. (Dia telah sedang bekerja.)	has= auxiliary; been= past participle dari verb be; working= present participle
Perfect Tense	He has worked. (Dia telah bekerja.)	has= auxiliary; worked= past participle
Passive Perfect	He has been worked. (Dia telah dipekerjakan.)	has= auxiliary; been, worked= past participle
Passive Continuous	The report is being typed. (Laporan tsb sedang diketik.)	is= auxiliary; being= present participle dari verb be; typed= past participle

Sebagai verbal, participle berfungsi sebagai adjective, sebutannya: participial adjective. Verbal adalah kata yang dibentuk dari verb yang berfungsi sebagaipart of speech lain. Kata ini berasal dari kata kerja yang berupa action (aksi) atau state of being (keadaan). Sebagai kata sifat, verbal ini berfungsi memodifikasi/menjelaskan noun, dimana posisinya selalu berada didekat kata benda tersebut, baik di depan maupun di belakang. Verbal ini digunakan pada noun phrase dan reduced adjective clause.
Contoh Participle sebagai Verbal:

Macam	Penggunaan	Contoh Kalimat Participle
Present Participle	Noun Phrase	the disturbing picture (gambar yang mengganggu)
	Reduced Adjective Clause (Active Voice)	The student reading under the tree is my classmate. (Siswa yang membaca di bawah pohon adalah teman sekelasku.)
Past Participle	Noun Phrase	the broken glasses (kacamata yang pecah)
	Reduced Adjective Clause (Passive Voice)	The girl advised is my cousin. (Anak perempuan yang dinasehati tsb adalah sepupuku.)